Android - Broadcast Receivers

Broadcast Receivers simply respond to broadcast messages from other applications or from the system itself. These messages are sometime called events or intents. For example, applications can also initiate broadcasts to let other applications know that some data has been downloaded to the device and is available for them to use, so this is broadcast receiver who will intercept this communication and will initiate appropriate action.

There are following two important steps to make BroadcastReceiver works for the system broadcasted intents −

• Creating the Broadcast Receiver.
• Registering Broadcast Receiver

There is one additional steps in case you are going to implement your custom intents then you will have to create and broadcast those intents.

To learn android complete course visit:android online training

Creating the Broadcast Receiver

A broadcast receiver is implemented as a subclass of BroadcastReceiver class and overriding the onReceive() method where each message is received as a Intent object parameter.

public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
   @Override
   public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
      Toast.makeText(context, "Intent Detected.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
   }
}


Registering Broadcast Receiver

An application listens for specific broadcast intents by registering a broadcast receiver in AndroidManifest.xml file. Consider we are going to register MyReceiver for system generated event ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED which is fired by the system once the Android system has completed the boot process.

broadcast

Broadcast-Receiver

<application
   android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
   android:label="@string/app_name"
   android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
   <receiver android:name="MyReceiver">
   
      <intent-filter>
         <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED">
         </action>
      </intent-filter>
   
   </receiver>
</application>


Now whenever your Android device gets booted, it will be intercepted by BroadcastReceiver MyReceiver and implemented logic inside onReceive() will be executed.

There are several system generated events defined as final static fields in the Intent class. The following table lists a few important system events.

Sr.NoEvent Constant & Description1android.intent.action.BATTERY_CHANGED

Sticky broadcast containing the charging state, level, and other information about the battery.

2android.intent.action.BATTERY_LOW

Indicates low battery condition on the device.

3android.intent.action.BATTERY_OKAY

Indicates the battery is now okay after being low.

4android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED

This is broadcast once, after the system has finished booting.

5android.intent.action.BUG_REPORT

Show activity for reporting a bug.

6android.intent.action.CALL

Perform a call to someone specified by the data.

7android.intent.action.CALL_BUTTON

The user pressed the "call" button to go to the dialer or other appropriate UI for placing a call.

8android.intent.action.DATE_CHANGED

The date has changed.

9android.intent.action.REBOOT

Have the device reboot.

To more topics about android visit our blog,app development course for beginners

Broadcasting Custom Intents

If you want your application itself should generate and send custom intents then you will have to create and send those intents by using the sendBroadcast() method inside your activity class. If you use the sendStickyBroadcast(Intent) method, the Intent is sticky, meaning the Intent you are sending stays around after the broadcast is complete.

public void broadcastIntent(View view) {
   Intent intent = new Intent();
   intent.setAction("com.tutorialspoint.CUSTOM_INTENT");
   sendBroadcast(intent);
}


This intent com.tutorialspoint.CUSTOM_INTENT can also be registered in similar way as we have regsitered system generated intent.

<application
   android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
   android:label="@string/app_name"
   android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
   <receiver android:name="MyReceiver">
   
      <intent-filter>
         <action android:name="com.tutorialspoint.CUSTOM_INTENT">
         </action>
      </intent-filter>
   
   </receiver>
</application>


Example

This example will explain you how to create BroadcastReceiver to intercept custom intent. Once you are familiar with custom intent, then you can program your application to intercept system generated intents. So let's follow the following steps to modify the Android application we created in Hello World Example chapter −

StepDescription1You will use Android studio to create an Android application and name it as My Application under a package com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication as explained in the Hello World Example chapter.2Modify main activity file MainActivity.java to add broadcastIntent() method.3Create a new java file called MyReceiver.java under the package com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication to define a BroadcastReceiver.4An application can handle one or more custom and system intents without any restrictions. Every intent you want to intercept must be registered in your AndroidManifest.xml file using <receiver.../> tag5Modify the default content of res/layout/activity_main.xml file to include a button to broadcast intent.6No need to modify the string file, Android studio take care of string.xml file.7Run the application to launch Android emulator and verify the result of the changes done in the application.Following is the content of the modified main activity file MainActivity.java. This file can include each of the fundamental life cycle methods. We have added broadcastIntent() method to broadcast a custom intent.

package com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

   /** Called when the activity is first created. */
   @Override
   
   public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
   }


   // broadcast a custom intent.
      
   public void broadcastIntent(View view){
      Intent intent = new Intent();
      intent.setAction("com.tutorialspoint.CUSTOM_INTENT"); sendBroadcast(intent);
   }
}


Following is the content of MyReceiver.java:

package com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;

/**
 * Created by TutorialsPoint7 on 8/23/2016.
 */
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
   @Override
   public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
      Toast.makeText(context, "Intent Detected.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
   }
}


Following will the modified content of AndroidManifest.xml file. Here we have added <receiver.../> tag to include our service:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   package="com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication">

   <application
      android:allowBackup="true"
      android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
      android:label="@string/app_name"
      android:supportsRtl="true"
      android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
  
      <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
         <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
         </intent-filter>
      </activity>
   
      <receiver android:name="MyReceiver">
         <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="com.tutorialspoint.CUSTOM_INTENT">
            </action>
         </intent-filter>

      </receiver>
   </application>

</manifest>


Following will be the content of res/layout/activity_main.xml file to include a button to broadcast our custom intent −

<RelativeLayout 
   xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" 
   android:layout_width="match_parent"
   android:layout_height="match_parent" 
   android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
   android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
   android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
   android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" 
   tools:context=".MainActivity">
   
   <TextView
      android:id="@+id/textView1"
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:text="Example of Broadcast"
      android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
      android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
      android:textSize="30dp" />
      
   <TextView
      android:id="@+id/textView2"
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:text="Tutorials point "
      android:textColor="#ff87ff09"
      android:textSize="30dp"
      android:layout_above="@+id/imageButton"
      android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
      android:layout_marginBottom="40dp" />
      
   <ImageButton
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:id="@+id/imageButton"
      android:src="@drawable/abc"
      android:layout_centerVertical="true"
      android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />
      
   <Button
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:id="@+id/button2"
      android:text="Broadcast Intent"
      android:onClick="broadcastIntent"
      android:layout_below="@+id/imageButton"
      android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" />

</RelativeLayout>

Let's try to run our modified Hello World! application we just modified. 

To get complete android tutorial visit:android development course